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課程內(nèi)容

《Astronomy: the science of the stars》
課標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)落實(shí)
1.重要單詞聚焦
1.system   n.系統(tǒng)，體系，制度
2.theory   n.學(xué)說(shuō)，理論
3.billion   pron. n.&adj.(英）萬(wàn)億，（美）十億
4.violent   adj.猛烈的，激烈的，強(qiáng)暴的
5.atmosphere   n.大氣層，氣氛
6.unlike   prep .不同，不像
7.harmful    adj.有害的
8.multiply   vi&vt 乘，增加
9.exist    vi.存在，生存
10.thus   adv.因此，于是
11.puzzle   n.謎，難題  vt.&vi (使）迷惑，（使）為難
12.gravity    n.萬(wàn)有引力，重力
13.gentle   adj.溫和的，文雅的
14.climate   n.氣候
15.physicist   n.物理學(xué)家
16.crash   vi&vt 碰撞，墜落
17.pull   n. &vt  拉（力），拖，牽引力
18.mass    n.質(zhì)量，團(tuán)，塊，大量，（復(fù)）群眾
Ⅱ重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)掃描
1.prevent...from...   阻止...
2.lay eggs   下蛋
3.in one's turn   輪到某人，接著
4.get the hang of   熟悉，掌握，理解
5.watch out   密切注視，當(dāng)心，提防
6.depend on 依靠
7.in time  及時(shí)，終于
8.give birth to   產(chǎn)生，分娩
9.cheer up 感到高興，感到振奮
10.now that  既然
11.break out  突發(fā)，爆發(fā)
Ⅲ課文原句突破
1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5and 3.8million years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
【信息提取】
what it was to become   是指what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句
what 在從句中作 become 的賓語(yǔ)
【例句仿寫(xiě)】使大家驚奇的是他竟沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議。
What surprised everybody is that he didn't come to the meeting.
2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
【信息提取】whether...(or not)引導(dǎo)的從句還可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。
【例句仿寫(xiě)】
他是否能成功地通過(guò)駕駛考試還不確定。
It is uncertain whether he'll succeed in passing the dirving test or not.
All people,(B)they are old young,rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A even if   B whether   C no matter    D however
句意為：自這次災(zāi)難以來(lái)，所有的人，不管他們是年老的還是年輕的，富有的還有貧窮的，都在盡自己最大的努力去幫助那些需要幫助的人
whether...or...   無(wú)論是...還是...，不管是...還是...
This painting is splendid,but(C) we actually need it is a different matter.
A that   B what  C whether   D how
這幅畫(huà)雖美，但我們是否真的需要它是另一回事。
3.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.
【信息提取】which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代主句整個(gè)概念，也可代指單個(gè)先行詞。
【例句仿寫(xiě)】杰克開(kāi)車(chē)太快，這是危險(xiǎn)的。
Jack drove too fast,which was dangerous.
4.We watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.
【信息提取】amazed 是adj.化的p..p....在此處作狀語(yǔ)用。
【例句仿寫(xiě)】他他躺在床上，醒著。
He lay in the bed,awake.
詞語(yǔ)細(xì)解
1.atmosphere  n.大氣，空氣，環(huán)境，氣氛
Everyone could feel the tense atmosphere.
He is fond of the atmosphere of peace and calm.
他喜歡和平寧?kù)o的氣氛。
Ever since their quarrel,there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office.
自從他們發(fā)生口角以來(lái)，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly(A).
A atmosphere     B stare   C situation    D phenomenon
句意：兩國(guó)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的會(huì)談在友好的氣氛中舉行。
atmosphere 氣氛  stare  狀態(tài)    situation 處境     phenomenon現(xiàn)象
2.mass n.[C]塊，團(tuán)，堆
Before the rain ,the sky was a mass of clouds.
下雨前，天空有一團(tuán)云。
A mass of letters came from all over the country.
一大堆信件建來(lái)自全國(guó)各地。
（pl.)群眾，集團(tuán)
from the masses to the masses
從群眾中來(lái)，到群眾中去
The masses have boundless creative power.
人們?nèi)罕娪袩o(wú)限的創(chuàng)造力。
a mass of/masses of+n([U]/pl)大量的，許多的
She has a mass of things to do.
她有一堆的事情要做。
in a mass  大量地，大批地
Sports fans came to the stadium in a mass.
大批的運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者來(lái)到了體育館。
The young dangers looked so beautiful in their new clothes that we took (B)pictures of them.
A many of    B masses of    C the number of   D a large amount of
題意：這些年輕的舞蹈演員穿著漂亮的衣服，顯得那么迷人，我們拍了她們的許多照片。
many of_n.(pl.)許多，且名詞前要有these,those ,the ,their等限定詞‘masses of+n.[U/C]組多，大量的   the number of 意為“...的數(shù)量”，表“許多，大量的”之意時(shí)，要用a number of ,a large amount of +n.[U] 許多，大量的
3.in time 及時(shí)，終于，總有一天
You will succeed in time because you are always working hard.
你遲早會(huì)成功，因?yàn)槟阋恢痹谂ぷ鳌?br> The doctor came in time to save her life.
醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到救了她的命。
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)
in no time 立即，馬上
at a time  一次，每次
at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度
at times 有時(shí)
ahead of time 提前
take one's time 別著急，慢慢來(lái)
Don't recite all together,one at a time.
不要一起背誦，一次一個(gè)。
He ordered us to finish our task ahead of time.
他命令我們提前完成任務(wù)。
(C),I lost heart in English learning ,but my teacher often said to me,"Keep on studying hard and you'll succeed( ).
A At a time,in time       B At a time ,on time     C At one time;in time    D At one time;on time
句意為：曾一度，我對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)失去信心，但我老師常對(duì)我說(shuō)：“堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，最終會(huì)鑄就你的成功?！?br> -Does he often ask you for help?
-Oh,no,only(D).
A all the time     B at one time   C at a time    D at times
all the time  一直      at one time  曾經(jīng)    at a time  一次 at times  有時(shí)
-I am afraid I can't return the book to you before Friday.
-(D).
A Don't be afraid     B Be careful   C Not at all      D Take your time
句意：恐怕我不能在星期五之前把這本書(shū)還給你了?！奥齺?lái)，不著急”
Don't be afraid 別害怕        Be careful 小心，當(dāng)心      Not at all 一點(diǎn)也不       Take your time 不用急，慢慢來(lái)
4.in one's turn  輪到某人，接著
They all spoke at the meeting ,each in his turn.
他們每個(gè)人都在會(huì)上輪流發(fā)言了。
in turn  依次；輪流，反之，反過(guò)來(lái)
by turns  輪流；交替地
take turns to do sth  輪流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth   輪到某人做某事
She asked the same question of everyone in turn.
她依次向每一個(gè)人問(wèn)同樣的問(wèn)題。
The shop assistants had their days off by turns.
店員輪流休息。
It is your turn to read the text.該輪到你讀課文了。
The children were taking turns on the slides.孩子們輪流滑滑梯。
People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and this (D) creates further problems.
A in short    B in case   C in doubt   D in turn
in short 總之，簡(jiǎn)言之
in case  假使，免得，以防萬(wàn)一
in doubt  感到懷疑，被懷疑的
in turn  反過(guò)來(lái)，依次，輪流
5.prevent...from..   防止某事發(fā)生
=stop...from    (from 可省略，但在被動(dòng)態(tài)中不?。?br> =keep...from... (from在任何情況下都不省略）
protect...from...   保護(hù)...不受...侵襲（from 后接能帶來(lái)傷害或損害之物）
No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.
誰(shuí)也不能阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。
We must prevent/stop these children (from) playing football in the atreet.
我們必須阻止孩子們?cè)诖蠼稚咸咔颉?br> His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。
He put on his sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴上太陽(yáng)鏡保護(hù)眼睛不受強(qiáng)光的傷害。
All possible means(D).However,nothing can ( )him dying of lung cancer.
A has tired;stop     B have tried;keep    C has been tried;prevent     D have been tired;stop
前一句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)all possible means,means用all修飾，看做是復(fù)數(shù)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式并且用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him后省略了from.
6.cheer up  感到高興，感到振奮
The news cheered (up)everybody who heard it.
這個(gè)消息使每一個(gè)聽(tīng)到的人感到高興。
The support of the fans cheered up the losing team.
粉絲們的支持使看來(lái)要輸?shù)年?duì)振奮起來(lái)。
-Cheer up,Mandy!打起精神來(lái)，曼迪！
-Oh,I'm all right,really.奧，我很好，真的沒(méi)事。
The crowed cheered up when they saw the teams arrive.
觀眾看到球隊(duì)進(jìn)場(chǎng)后歡聲雷動(dòng)。
Our football team will compete against the Japanese team this evening.Let's go and(A),shall we?
A cheer them up    B join them up    C add them up    D pick them up
為他們加油用cheer them up
答案：A
課文面對(duì)面
1.Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
既然重力改變了，走路也確實(shí)需要練一練了。
now that “由于，既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。
Now that I have nothing to do,I can enjoy music for a little while.
既然我無(wú)事可做，我可以享受一會(huì)兒音樂(lè)了。
Now you have grown up,you can make up your mind by yourself.
你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，可以自己作決定了。
because   語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般放在主句之后。
He was absent from the meeting because he was ill.
他沒(méi)參加會(huì)議是因?yàn)樗×恕?br> since  語(yǔ)氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。
Since you can't answer the question.I'll ask him.
既然你回答不出這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我就問(wèn)他了。
as  語(yǔ)氣比because 弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是顯而易見(jiàn)的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前。
As there was no answer,we wrote him again.
鑒于他沒(méi)有回復(fù)，我們又給他寫(xiě)了封信。
for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。for這一用法需放在兩句之間。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?br> -Did you return Fred's call?
-I didn't need to(D) I'll see him tomorrow.
A though   B unless   C when  D because
句意為:你給Fred回電話了嗎？“我沒(méi)必要回，因?yàn)槊魈煳乙ヒ?jiàn)他?！?br> though 雖然   unless 除非     when 當(dāng)...時(shí)    because 因?yàn)?br> 2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球變得如此狂躁不安，因此搞不清楚這種形狀是否會(huì)持續(xù)下去。
last vi.持續(xù)，耐久
The speech lasted an hour.
演講持續(xù)了一小時(shí)。
How many days will our food last?
我們的食物可以維持幾天？
The patient isn't expected to last the night.
沒(méi)有人認(rèn)為那病人會(huì)熬得過(guò)晚上。
The performance (D)nearly three hours,but few people left the theatre early.
A covered   B reached   C played   D lasted
句意：這次演出持續(xù)了近三個(gè)小時(shí)，但是很少有人提前離開(kāi)劇院。、
last 持續(xù)，繼續(xù)   cover 覆蓋，包括，涉及，足以支付     reach 到達(dá)，夠得著   play玩，扮演
3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因?yàn)槲宜さ沽恕?br> 倍數(shù)表達(dá)式：
...time as...as...   是...的幾倍
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。
The big ball id four times as heavy as the small one.
這個(gè)打球是這個(gè)小球的四倍重。
times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than
This building is four times higher than the old one.
這座樓比舊樓高4倍。
...times+the size/height/length/width/depth+of..
This ball is twice the size of that one.
這個(gè)球的大小是那個(gè)球的兩倍。
...time+what從句
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是10年前的3倍。
According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer(D) a woman.
A than    B such   C so   D as
閱讀題干可知此題考查倍數(shù)公式的同級(jí)比較句型，其構(gòu)成應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)詞+as+形容詞、副詞原級(jí)+as+另一比較對(duì)象，所以此空應(yīng)填as.
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost(B)his.
A as much twice as   B twice as much as   C much as twice as    D as twice much as
句意：彼得的夾克衫看上去與杰克的相同，但價(jià)格卻是他的兩倍。表達(dá)倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)詞+as+adj.+as"結(jié)構(gòu)。
Ten years ago the population of our village was(B)that of theirs.
A ads twice large as    B twice as large as     C twice as much as    D as twice much as
句意：十年前我們村的人口是他們村的10倍。
Some parts in South China have experienced(A) this year as they did last year.
A twice as much rain    B rain twice as much       C as twice much rain    D twice rain as much
考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法”倍數(shù)+as many/much+n.+as..."因倍數(shù)詞為前位限定詞，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)不和句型結(jié)構(gòu)