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課程內(nèi)容
高中英語《發(fā)明和發(fā)明家 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions (part 4)》（選修8）
Grammar
the Past Participle,
as the Attribute,Predicative and Object complement
一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語
過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠的很緊，漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞（the Participle Adjective),實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞，除表示“完成”的動(dòng)作之外，還表示“被動(dòng)”的意義。如：
spoken English (英語口語）；
iced beer(冰凍啤酒）；cooked food (熟食）；
fried chips （炸土豆條）；
但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作，而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。如：
boiled water(開水）；fallen leaves(落葉）
the risen sun （升起的太陽）等
1.The tall man is a returned student.
高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國留學(xué)生。
2.My parents are both retired teachers.
我的父母都是退休教師。
（1）前置定語
單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式，一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面，作前置定語。
The excited people rushed into building.
激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。
(=the people whp were excited)
Lost time can never be found again.
虛度的時(shí)光，無法挽回。
(=time which is lost)
(2)后置定語
①少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定語。
1.Everything used should be marked.
所有用過的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。
2.Among the invited were some ladies.
被邀請的人中，有些是女士。
3.The books left are for my students.
剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。
②動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語時(shí)，通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
1.Is there anything planned for tonight?
今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎？
（=That has been planned for tonight)
2.The meeting,attended by a lot of people,was a success.
這次會(huì)議有很多人出席，開得很成功。
(=which was attended by a lot of people)
高考鏈接
1)Most of the artists (A)to the party were from South Africa.
A invited    B to invite     C being invited     D had been invited
2)The first text books (D)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A having written      B to be written     C being written    D written
二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語
過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動(dòng)”之意，而是表示主語的狀語或思想感情等。如：
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他顯得很憂慮。
When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.
當(dāng)我們聽到這件事時(shí)，被深深地感到了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
聽到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。
作表語的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修飾
I was very pleased at the news.
聽了這消息我很高興。
He grew much tired of the work.
他十分厭倦這工作。
高考鏈接
1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get (C)by the hour.
A pay   B paying    C paid   D to play
2)As we joined the big crowd I got (A)from my friends.
A separated    B spared    C lost  D missed
三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞，表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義，有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對象。
如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.
她回來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而入。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.
我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。
（1）動(dòng)詞-ed可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動(dòng)詞包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。
We thought the game lost.
我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動(dòng)詞包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等
I have my hair cut once a month.
我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。
He was trying to make himself understood.
他正努力使別人聽懂自己。
She held her hands pressed against her face.
她用雙手按著臉。
"have+賓語+done"結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：
①（請人）把某事做完。
She had her house repaired.
她請人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut?
你在哪兒理的發(fā)？
②參遭遇某種意外情況。
He had his hat blown away on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday.
昨天她的錢包被偷了。
③完成某事（自己也可能參與）
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.
我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.
他今年已存了1000元。
(3)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動(dòng)詞包括like,want,wish,expect,order等”這一類動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問題。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued.
學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。
（4）過去分詞用在“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花，他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。
高考鏈接
1)-Good morning,Can I help you?
-I'd like to have this package (D),madam/
A be weighed     B to be weighed   C to weigh  D weighed
2)The missing boy were last seen (A)near the river.
A playing   B to be playing    C play   D played
3)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (C)the next year.
A carry out    B carrying out  C carried out  D to carry out
Homework
Make your note about this part and do the exercises!